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Intergenerational solidarity will be one of the greatest challenges facing social policy in the 21st century.

One of the still unresolved issues relating to the falling birth rate is the failure of family policy to focus on the links with the labour market.

Sustainable development is a situation in which present generations do not live at the expense of future generations.

A key factor in raising the standard of living and prosperity in Poland is effective management, both at the level of the basic units of the state – municipalities and districts – and within the enterprises themselves

A modern pension system should replace the retirement age rule with a system based on accumulated contributions. This will make the labour market more flexible and ensure that its market value is reflected more accurately.

Financial stability
is a public good
(S. Kluza 2006)

The economy is people
(S. Kluza 2006)

Competition for human capital will be both the greatest opportunity and the greatest risk for the civilisational development of nations and regions in the 21st century.

Modern states will compete internationally on the basis of the living conditions they provide for their societies

The role of the state is to ensure regulatory balance in the financial sector. Too much or too little regulation results in a slowdown in the economy or increased instability in the financial sector.

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11 August 2023

Economic policy in countries governed by populists

„Populism is not an ideology. It is a strategy for gaining and holding on to power”
(Moisés Naím 2017)


„In Latin America, populists’ economic policies were characterized by subordinating monetary policy to the objectives of fiscal policy”
(Sebastian Edwards 2019b)


„The process of institutional erosion begins as soon as populists take power”
(Manuel Funke, Moritz Schularick and Christoph Trebesch 2020)


„Contemporary populism, with its uncompromising application of the principle of majority rule, its promotion of a plebiscitary model of politics, and its attitude that winners may do whatever they want, undermines institutional arrangements intended to ensure equal participation in political life”
(Wojciech Sadurski 2020)